GINSENG
(Panax ginseng)


According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, Panax ginseng promotes yang energy, improves circulation, increases blood supply, revitalizes and aids recovery from weakness after illness, and stimulates the body. It is available in four forms:
*The form called fresh ginseng is the raw product.
*The form called white ginseng (WG) is fresh ginseng which has been dried.
*The form called red ginseng (RG) is harvested after six years, is not peeled and is steam-cured at standard     boiling temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius, thereby giving it a glossy reddish-brown color.
*The form called sun ginseng (SG) is created from a heat processing method which increases ginsenoside components such as ginsenoside by steaming white ginseng at a higher temperature than red ginseng.


The botanical/genus name Panax means "all-heal" in Greek, sharing the same origin as "panacea," and was applied to this genus because Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine as a muscle relaxant.

Ginseng roots 

Red ginseng

Harvested ginseng

Panax quinquefolius foliage and fruit

Part used: root

Properties: alternative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

What it affects: heart and circulation, general effects on the whole body.

Preparation and amount:

Decoction: simmer 15-60 min . Use about 1/4 oz. of herb to 1 pint of water and drink4 oz. 3 x a day.

Tincture: 2--60 drops 3 x a day.

Fluid extract: 1/2- 2 tsp. 3 x a day.

Powder 2-5 #0 capsules (15-30 grains) 3 x a a day

Purposes:

Internally, ginseng is specially used for feverish and inflammatory illnesses, for hemorrhage, and for good diseases. Women take it for everything from normalizing menstruation to easing childbirth. It strengthens the adrenal and reproductive glands. It promotes lung functioning, enhances immune function, and stimulates the appetite. It helps digestive disturbances. it is mildly stimulating to the central nervous system and the endocrines. It is useful for bronchitis, diabetes, infertility, lack of energy and stress. It protects against the effects of radiation exposure and helps in withdrawal from cocaine. Because it is a demulcent, the tea taken hot is effective for colds, chest troubles and coughs. It helps to normalize blood pressure, tone the heart,increase circulation and reduce cholesterol. It reduces blood sugar, which is helpful for diabetics. Its nutritional qualities help alleviate anemia.

Note: Only use thoroughly dried roots. The value of ginseng is overblown, but it is still a useful herb. Do not take it at night, for it will keep you awake.

Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng) is thought to be far better than the North American variety. But, in reality, American ginseng( Panax quinquefolius) is essentially the same as the Chinese version! So much so that the bulk of the U.S. crop (most of which is grown under cultivation in Wisconsin) s shipped to Europe and Asia, to supplement the supply from the Orient (which is primarily grown in Korea)

GINGER
(Zingiberis officinalis)


---Ginger is native to India and China. It takes its name from the Sanskrit word stringa-vera, which means “with a body like a horn”, as in antlers.


---Ginger is an herb. The rhizome (underground stem) is used as a spice and also as a medicine. It can be used fresh, dried and powdered, or as a juice or oil.


---Ginger is commonly used to treat various types of “stomach problems,” including motion sickness, morning sickness, colic, upset stomach, gas, diarrhea, nausea caused by cancer treatment, nausea and vomiting after surgery, as well as loss of appetite.


The oil made from ginger is sometimes applied to the skin to relieve pain.Some people pour the fresh juice on their skin to treat burns.


---Ginger is native to southestern Asia, but is widely cultivated in tropical countries throughout the world. The rhizome is used in cooking and folk medicine. The pungent, sweet taste is due to the presence of two oleoresins, gingerol and shogaol, and volatile oils. Many of the traditional folk medical uses have been verified by modern pharmacology. 

()

 

Fresh ginger rhizome.

Ginger section

Part used: Rhizome

Properties: Aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic.

What it affects: stomach, intestines, joints, muscles, and circulation.


Preparation and amount: 
Infusion: steep for 5-15 min and  drink 1 fluid oz. at a time.
Decoction: simmer 5-15 min. and take 2 oz. 3 x a day.
Tincture: 15-60 drops 3 x a day
Fluid extract: Take 5-20 drops 3 x a a day
Syrup: drink 1/2-1 tsp 3 x a day
Powder: drink 2-4 #0 capsules (10-20 grains) 3 x a day. take every 2 hours for nausea and vomiting.


Purposes:
Internally, ginger promotes cleansing of the system through perspiration. Take hot, the tea is good for suppressed menstruation and scanty urine. It brings heat into the system and stimulates digestion. Taken in frequent doses, it will raise body temperature. It is without a peer among herbs dealing with sea sickness, air sickness, and every other kind of motion sickness. It is helpful in reducing flatulent colic; and, when taken with laxative herbs,it makes their effect milder. It fights inflammation, cleanses the colon, reduces spasms and cramps, and stimulates circulation. Take it at the onset of a cold, to ease the effects of the usual symptoms. It is used for contagious diseases,coughs, cramps, indigestion, gas headache, colon spasms, morning sickness, nausea, sinus congestion, and stomach spasms.It is strong antioxidant and germ killer for sore and wounds. To stimulates the flow of saliva and soothe as sores and wounds. To stimulates the flow of saliva and soothe a sore throat, chew the rootstock as is. It protects the liver and stomach, and is useful for bowel disorders, arthritis, fever, hot flashes, indigestion, muscle pain, and vomiting.


Externally, ginger is used as a fomentation in cases of mumps.

Plants description:

A perennial creeping plant, with thick tuberous rhizome, producing a an erect stem 30 - 100 cm (1-3 ft) tall. The lance-shaped leaves are bright green, 15 - 20 cm (6-8 in) long, with a prominent longitudinal rib, enclosing conical clusters of small yellow-green flowers marked with purple speckles. It is propagated from rhizome cuttings, planted on rich, well drained loam. It requires a tropical climate with both a heavy rain season and a hot dry season. Plants shoot in ten days and are harvested after nine to ten months
  

GENTIAN
(Gentina lutea)
---Gentian contains some of the most bitter substances known, particularly the glycosides gentiopicrin and amarogentin. The taste of these can be detected even when diluted 50,000 times.


--- This species is commonly used for medicinal purposes and to flavor alcoholic drinks (bitters). The root is harvested by digging up whole plants. Gentianae Radix is the pharmaceutical name of the root of Gentiana lutea.




          


  




  


Part used: root.
Properties: cholagogue, stomachic, tonic, anthelmintic.
What it affects: stomach, liver, blood, spleen, and circulation.


Preparation and amount:
Decoction: simmer 5-15 min. and take1/4-1 tsp 3 x a day to 1/2-1 cup daily.
Tincture: Take 1/2-2 tsp. 3 x a day.
Fluid extract: take 1/4-1/2 tsp 3 x a day
Powder: drink 2-4 #0 capsules (10-30 grains) 3 x a day.


Purposes
Internally, gentian primarily works on the liver and stomach. Because it is a bitter tonic herb, it quickens intestinal action and tends to overcome slow digestion. It improves the appetite, increases digestion, and improves circulation. It is best for pancreatitis, female problems, slow urination, colds and gout.


Note:
Because of its bitterness, combine gentian with aromatic herbs, such as ginger, peppermint, sassafras, spearmint, or wood betony.


Plant Description
This plant has a long, thick, cylindrical, wrinkled, ringed, forked, perennial root, brown externally, and yellow within, with a stem three or four feet high, hollow, stout, and erect; leaves ovate-oblong, five-veined, pale, bright green; the blossoms are large, of a bright yellow, in many-flowered whorls; and the fruit is a capsule, stalked oblong, and two-valved. 

GARLIC
(Allium sativum)


---Garlic is also known as the stinking rose.
---the word garlic comes from Old English garleac, meanong "spear leek"
---Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae
---Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek,chive, and rakkyo. Garlic has been used throughout history for both culinary and medicinal purposes.

A bulb of garlic, not
separated from the stem.

Italian garlic
The cloves are used for consumption
 (raw or cooked), or for medicinal
 purposes, and have a characteristic
pungent, spicy flavor that mellows
 and sweetens considerably with cooking

Garlic growing in a container.

The leaves, and flowers (bulbils)
 on the head (spathe)
 are also edible, and being milder
in flavor than the bulbs,
they are most often consumed
 while immature and still tender. 

bulbils


The leaves, and flowers (bulbils)
 on the head (spathe)
 are also edible, and being milder
in flavor than the bulbs,
they are most often consumed
 while immature and still tender. 

Part used: bulb, leaves

Properties: alternative, antibiotic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant, stimulant.

What it affects: lungs, nerves, sinuses and circulation.

Preparation and amount:

Tincture: drink 30-60 drops(1/2-1 tsp.) 3-4 x a day

Juice: take 10-30 drops 3-4 x a day

Oil: take 2-3 drops or 1 tsp.

Syrup: drink 1 tbsp 3-4 x a day

Powder: take 5-10 #0 capsules (30-60 grains) 3-4 x a day

Purposes:
Garlic is one of the most powerful antiseptic substances ever discovered. It also one of the most readily available easily used medicinal substances. In 1950's, Soviet scientist found it to be equal to penicillin, yet without the harmful effects of that powerful drugs

Internally, garlic detoxifies the entire body and protects against infections by enhancing immune function.It is good for virtually every infections and diseases.Its beneficial effect on blood circulation and heart action can bring relief for many common body complaints. It is used for all lung and respiratory ailments, colds, tuberculosis,blood diseases and fever; and it can be used as a tea or added to syrups for coughs.

It is used for arteriosclerosis, cancer, contagious disease, coughs, cramps, diverticulitis, emphysema, gas, heart problems, high blood pressure, indigestion, liver congestion rheumatism, sinus congestion, and ulcers.It aids in the treatment of arthritis, asthma, circulatory problems, cold and flu, digestive problems, heart dis orders, insomnia, liver diseases, sinusitis, ulcers, and yeast infections

Garlic regularizes the action of the liver and gallbladder. It stimulates the digestive organs and thereby relieves various problems associated with poor digestion. it helps stabilize blood sugar levels. As an expectorant, it is useful for chronic stomach and intestinal catarrh, as well as chronic bronchitis. A cold tea can be taken as an enema for worms and pinworms. A warm enema tea is good for bowel infections. Use the fresh extract oil or tea the raw cloves

Garlic is helpful in all intestinal infections, including dysentery, typhoid, cholera, and paratyphoid fever. It lowers blood lipid levels. It works to eliminate putrefactive intestinal bacteria. Because garlic lowers blood pressure, it helps to counteract arteriosclerosis.

Externally, garlic is used for ringworm, skin parasites, tumors and warts.

Warning:

People who take anticoagulant (blood-thinning) drugs should not take garlic, since it also thins the blood somewhat.

Plant Description:

Garlic is a perennial that originally came from central Asia, and is now cultivated throughout the world. It can grow 2 feet high or more. The most important part of this plant for medicinal purposes is the compound bulb. Each bulb is made up of 4 - 20 cloves, and each clove weighs about 1 gram. Garlic supplements can either be made from fresh, dried, aged, or garlic oil, and each may have different effects on the body.

FO-TI (HO SHOU WO)
(Polygonum multiflorum)


--Fo-Ti is a Chinese herb used to tonify the chi. Fo-Ti is derived from the dried roots of a Japanese evergreen called Polygonum multiflorum. In China, where it is called Ho shou wu, Fo-Ti is said to possess almost magical rejuvenating properties and it is especially popular with the elderly who believe it can help one maintain hair color, preserve youthfulness, and restore fertility


--t is one of the most widely praised herbs in Chinese herbal medicine, some claiming that it is second only to Ginseng in reputation and use.
In China, Fo-Ti has a long history of reversing and preventing the effects of ageing as a bittersweet, astringent, slightly warming herb that was first recorded in an "herbal" written in 973 A.D., as a key remedy for the elderly. The Chinese common name for Fo-Ti is "He-Shou-Wu," and its history is rich in legend.


Part used: root.
Properties: Stimulant, tonic, astringent, diuretic.
What it affects: liver, stomach, kidneys, and reproductive organs.


Preparation and amount: 
Decoction: simmer 5-15 min and take 2 oz. 2-4 x a day
Tincture: drink 15-30 drops 3 x a day
Fluid extract: drink 5-20 drops 3 x a day
Powder: take 2-3 #0 capsules (10-15 grains) 3 x a day.


Purposes:
Internally, fo-ti focuses on helping the endocrine glands by strengthening them. It acts as a tonic and nutritive herb. It is also a digestive tonic. Take it either as a decoction or as a powder


The roots of ho-shou-wu are reddish brown. The taste is starchy, astringent and slightly bitter. The highest quality roots are those that have a high density and firm quality. In Hong Kong, the highest quality roots are sliced very thin and packaged carefully to display the color, shape, and luster of the slices; the ordinary quality roots are sliced thicker and sold in bulk packages.

FLAXSEED
(Linum usitatissimum)


Flax seeds produce a vegetable oil known as flaxseed or linseed oil, which is one of the oldest commercial oils, and solvent-processed flax seed oil has been used for centuries as a drying oil in painting and varnishing

Capsules

Flowers

  

Brown Flax Seeds

Golden Flax seed

Flax seeds come in two basic varieties: (1) brown ( above); and (2) yellow or golden(bottom). Most types have similar nutritional characteristics and equal amounts of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. The exception is a type of yellow flax called solin (trade name Linola), which has a completely different oil profile and is very low in omega-3 FAs. Although brown flax can be consumed as readily as yellow, and has been for thousands of years, it is better known as an ingredient in paints, fiber and cattle feed.

Part used: seeds

Properties: emollient, demulcent, laxative, mucilage, nutritional.

What it affects: lungs, throat, intestines, and stomach.

Preparation and amount:

Infusion: steep 5-15 min and drink 1 cup every day.

Decoction: take 2 oz. 3 x a day

Tincture: drink 15-40 drops 3 x a day or as needed

Fluid extract: take 15-30 drops 3 x a a day or as needed.

Powder: drink 10-20 #0 capsules (60-120 grains) once a day

Purposes:

Flaxseed is very even more mucilaginous than slippery elm and useful for a variety of problems. It is better than olive oil, for the purposes for which it is used.

Internally, flaxseed is used for asthma, bronchitis catarrh, constipation, diarrhea, enteritis, flatulence, hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers, pleurisy, and lung, and chest problems. It is also good for intestinal inflammations.

Eating the seeds intact is good for constipation. Take1-2 tbsp. whole seeds ans swallow with lots of water if necessary. Then eat stewed prunes.The seeds swell up in the intestines, encouraging elimination by increasing the volume of fecal matter.

To eliminate gallstones, take 1 1/2 tbsp. flaxseed oil and lie down on your left side for half an hour. The gallstones will pass into the intestines and be eliminate from there.

Externally, flaxseed is good in poultices for sores, boils, inflammation, and tumors.Combine it with slippery elm for boils, oozing sores, and burns.

Caution: It is best to avoid flaxseed if you have diverticulitis.

Plant Description:

Flax is an erect annual plant growing to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) tall, with slender stems. The leaves are glaucous green, slender lanceolate, 20–40 mm long and 3 mm broad. The flowers are pure pale blue, 15–25 mm diameter, with five petals; they can also be bright red. The fruit is a round, dry capsule 5–9 mm diameter, containing several glossy brown seed shaped like an apple pip, 4–7 mm long.

In addition to referring to the plant itself, the word "flax" may refer to the unspun fibers of the flax plant.

FENUGREEK
(Trigonella foenum-graecum)


Fenugreek (pronounced /ˈfɛnjʉˌɡriːk/; Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed, often called methi).
--The name fenugreek or foenum-graecum is from Latin for "Greek hay". The plant's similarity to wild clover has likely spawned its Swedish name: "bockhornsklöver" as well as the German: "Bockshornklee", both literally meaning: "ram's horn clover".

()

Dried fenugreek seed

---Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of the polysaccharide galactomannan. They are also a source of saponins such as diosgenin, yamogenin, gitogenin, tigogenin, and neotigogens. Other bioactive constituents of fenugreek include mucilage, volatile oils, and alkaloids such as choline and trigonelline.
---In India, fenugreek seeds are mixed with yogurt which is used as hair conditioner. It is also one of the ingredients of khakhra, a type of bread.
---Fenugreek seeds are thought to be a galactagogue that is often used to increase milk supply in lactating women
---In India the roasted ground seeds are infused for a coffee substitute or adulterant. A tea can be made by infusing teaspoon of seed with two cups of water for five minutes.


Part used:seeds
Properties: demulcent, emollient, expectorant, aphrodisiac, astringent, galactagogue, and tonic.
What it affects: stomach, lungs, intestines and reproductine organs.


Preparation and amount.
Infusion: steep 5-15 min and drink 1 cup during the day you can prepare hot or cold.
Decoction: simmer 5-15 min and take 6 0z 3 x a day.
Tincture:30-60 drops 3 x a day
Fluid extract: drink 1/2-1 tsp 3 x a day
Powder: take 2-10 #0 capsules (10-60 grains) 3 x a day


Purposes:
Internally, Fenugreek is one of the oldest medicinal plants, dating back to Hippocrates and the ancient Egyptians. It is usedful for all mucous conditions of the lungs. Large amount of the decoction are given to strengthen those suffering from tuberculosis or recovering from an illness. It is also good for fever, bronchitis, stomach, ulcers, diabetes, gout, asthma, emphysema, hay fever, heartburn, hoarseness, migraines, neuralgia, sciatica, and gas. By reducing mucus, it helps asthma and sinus problems. Promotes lactation in nursing mothers. Helps lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Good for the eyes.


Externally, fenugreek is used for boils, carbuncles, abscesses, sore throat, dry skin conditions. The tea is excellent for sore throats (drink and gargle). Make a poultice of pulverized seeds and place over wounds, fistulas, tumors, sores, areas of gouty pains, swollen glands, and skin irritations.


Note: The taste can be improved by mixing it with peppermint oil, lemon extract, or honey.


Plant description:

An erect hairy annual of the bean family, reaching 30-60 cm (1-2 ft.). The long slender stems bear tripartite, toothed, grey-green obovate leaves, 20-25 mm (3/4-1 in) long. 


The root is a mass of fingery structures. The sissile axillary flowers are white or pale yellow. 


The thin, sword-shaped pods are 10-15 cm (4-6 in), with a curved beak-like tip, each carrying 10-20 seeds. The plant radiates a spicy odour which persists on the hands after touching.


 Wild and cultivated varieties exist. Mild Mediterranean climates are most suitable. Plants mature in about four months. The whole plant is uprooted and allowed to dry. The seeds are threshed out and further dried.

Fenugreek is the small stony seeds from the pod of a bean-like plant. The seeds are hard, yellowish brown and angular. Some are oblong, some rhombic, other virtually cubic, with a side of about 3mm (1/8”). 


A deep furrow all but splits them in two. They are available whole and dried , or as a dull yellow powder, ground from the roasted seeds.

FENNEL
(Foeniculum vulgare)

-The word fennel developed from the Middle English fenel or fenyl. 

-This came from the Old English fenol or finol, which in turn came from the Latin feniculum or foeniculum, the diminutive of fenum or faenum, meaning "hay". 

-The Latin word for the plant was ferula, which is now used as the genus name of a related plant. As Old English finule it is one of the nine plants invoked in the pagan Anglo-Saxon Nine Herbs Charm, recorded in the 10th century.

-In Ancient Greek, fennel was called marathon (μάραθον), and is attested in Linear B tablets as ma-ra-tu-wo. John Chadwick noted this word is the origin of the place name Marathon(meaning "place of fennel"), site of the Battle of  Marathon in 490 BC; however, Chadwick wryly noted he has "not seen any fennel growing there now". In Greek mythology, Prometheus used the stalk of a fennel plant to steal fire from the gods. Also, it was from the giant fennel, Ferula communis, that the Bacchanalian wands of the god Dionysus and his followers were said to have come.

In Italy, the word for fennel (finocchio) is used in a derogatory way to refer to a homosexual. This use is traced back to the time of the Italian Inquisition, and remains in use today.

Fennel is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the mouse moth and the anise swallowtaill.

Fennel flowerheads

Fennel flowerheads

  

Florence fennel bulbs

Florence fennel bulbs

Florence Fennel bulbs is crunchy and slightly sweet, adding a refreshing contribution to the ever popular Mediterranean cuisine. Most often associated with Italian cooking, be sure to add this to your selection of fresh vegetables from the autumn through early spring when it is readily available and at its best.

Saunf or fennel seeds used as a
spice and anafter-mint in India
 and Pakistan

Fennel seeds

Part used; seeds, fennel bulbs

Properties: antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, galactagogue, stimulant.

What it affects: stomach, nerves, intestines and eyes.

Preparation and amounts:

Infusion: steep for 5-15 min. and take 6 oz. 3x a day.

Fluid extract: drink 5-60 drops 3x a day

Oil: take 1-5 drops 3x a day

Powder: drink the average dose of 3 #0 capsules (15 grains)

Purposes:

 Internally, although the seeds are mainly used, both the seeds and roots of fennel are excellent stomach and intestinal remedies. It promotes the function of the kidney, spleen and liver, and helps clear the lungs. It helps to arouse the appetite, and relieve colic and abdominal cramps. It relieves abdominal and colon disorders. It expels mucous accumulations. it is especially used to reduce gastro- intestinal tract spasms and expel flatulence. For this purpose, take fennel oil with honey or as a saturated solution in water. Add it also to gargle for coughing and hoarseness. It is used to treat acid stomach, colic and cramps. In larger doses, it removes obstructions of the liver, spleen and gallbladder. Fennel will increase the flow of urine, menstrual blood and mother's milk.

Externally, fennel can be used as an eyewash.

Fennel is an excellent source of vitamin C. It is also a very good of dietary fiber, potassium, manganese, folate, and molybdenum. In addition, fennel is a good source of niacin as well as the minerals phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, and copper.

Plant Description:It is erect, glaucous green, and grows to heights of up to 2.5 m, with hollow stems. The beautiful leaves grow up to 40 cm long; they are finely dissected, with the ultimate segments filiform (threadlike), about 0.5 mm wide. (Its leaves are similar to those of dill, but thinner.) The fine flower are produced in terminal compound umbels 5–15 cm wide, each umbel section having 20–50 tiny yellow flowers on short pedicels. The fruits is a dry seed from 4–10 mm long, half as wide or less, and grooved.

FALSE UNICORN
(Chamailirium luteum [Helonias] )


This herb, which comes to us via the North American Indians, is one of the best tonics and strengtheners of the reproductive system that we have. Though primarily used for the female system, it can be equally beneficial for men. It is known to contain precursors of the estrogens.



However, it acts in an amphoteric way to normalize function. The body may use this herb to balance and tone and thus it will aid in apparently opposite situations. Whilst being of help in all uterine problems, it is specifically useful in delayed or absent menstruation. Where ovarian pain occurs, False Unicorn Root may be safely used. It is also indicated to prevent threatened miscarriage and ease vomiting associated with pregnancy. However, large doses will cause nausea and vomiting.

Part used:Root
Properties: Emmenagogue. tonic, diuretic, emetic,parasiticide, stimulant.
What it affects: uterus and kidneys.


Preparation and amount:
Decoction: simmer 5-15 min. and take 6 oz. 3x aday.
Tincture: take 15-30 drops 3x a day.
Fluid extract: drink 1/2-1 tsp. 3 x a day.
Powder: take 2-5 #0 capsules(15-30 grains0 3 x a day.

Purposes:
Internally, the primary use of this herb is in  the treatment of female sterility and impotence. Taking it is said to increase the likelihood of getting pregnant. It balance sexual hormones, helps treat infertility and prevent miscarriage. For these purposes it may be taken daily for several months. One or two #00 capsules of the powered root are taken 3x a day for a number of months, either alone or in combination with other herbs

The root is also used in the treatment of painful or irregular menstruation, or the lack of it. It is also best for leukorrhea and menorrhagia. Small amounts may be taken during the early part of pregnancy, to relieve morning sickness.

 False unicorn is used for glandular tonic, prolapsed uterus, uterine and ovarian problems, and uterine displacement.

This herb is also used for prostate dis orders, spermatorrhea, diabetes, digestive tonic, intestinal weakness and urinary tract tonic.

False unicorn root is usually combined with other herbs, such as cramp bark or black haw; but it can be taken alone. During threatening situations, 15 drops of the tincture or 1/2 tsp. of the fluid extract can be taken every hour.

Note: Do not confuse false unicorn root with true unicorn root (Altetris farinosa), also known as star grass; this has similar properties, but is primarilt used as a diuretic.

EYEBRIGHT
(Euphrasia officinalist)

Euphrasia (Eyebright) is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan contribution. They are semi- parasitic on grases. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections.

Many species are found in alphine or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are zygomorphi, and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects.

Eyebright is a partial parasite. It contains chlorophyll but gets its water and minerals from its host.
The name Euphrasia is from the Greek Euphrosyne, who was one of the Three Graces and was known for her joy, mirth and, gladness. Although known by the ancient Greeks it was not until 14th century that it is mentioned for 'all evils of the eye'.
  
 
Part used: all that is above ground
Properties: alternative, astringent, tonic.
What it affects: eyes, liver and blood.


Preparation and amount:
Infusion: steep 5-15 min and take it 6 oz frequently
Tincture: take 30-60 drops frequently.
Fluid extract: take 1 tsp. frequently
Powder: take 10 #0 capsules (60 grains) frequently.


Purposes:
Internally, eyebright is the best single herb for the eyes. Take the tea liberally and on a daily basis, to treat all eye problems. It cure in stimulating the liver to clear the blood and relieve those conditions that affects the clarity of vision. It relieves discomfort from eyestrain or minor eye irritation. It is excellent for itchy and or watery eyes, It has a cooling and detoxifying property that makes it especially useful in combating inflammation. It is also useful with inflammation of the nose and throat.


Eyebright is also use for allergies, diabetes,cataracts, hay fever, impure blood, indigestion nose and throat congestion and upper respiratory problems.


Externally, eyebright is used as an eyewash, especially combined with goldenseal, rue, or fennel for conjuctivitis, eye weakness, ophthalmia, burning and sore eyes, and other eye diseases. The infusion is made using 1 oz. herb to a pint of boiled water, steeped 20 minutes. A beverage tea can be made, using 1/2 oz. herb steeped in a pint of water.


Plants description:

Flower c 4-8 mm across.  Plants small, usually well under 20 cm high.

ID: Upper lip of flower with two upward-curving well-notched lobes.  Lower lip divided into three well-notched lobes.  Flower whitish or mauvish with yellow or orange blotch in centre of lower lip, and purple lines.

Other features: Flowers in leafy spikes.  Leaves roughly oval in shape, deeply toothed.  An annual, semi-parasitic plant, very variable but easily recognised.

EYEBRIGHT
(Euphrasia officinalist)

Euphrasia (Eyebright) is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan contribution. They are semi- parasitic on grases. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections.

Many species are found in alphine or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are zygomorphi, and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects.

Eyebright is a partial parasite. It contains chlorophyll but gets its water and minerals from its host.
The name Euphrasia is from the Greek Euphrosyne, who was one of the Three Graces and was known for her joy, mirth and, gladness. Although known by the ancient Greeks it was not until 14th century that it is mentioned for 'all evils of the eye'.
  
 
Part used: all that is above ground
Properties: alternative, astringent, tonic.
What it affects: eyes, liver and blood.


Preparation and amount:
Infusion: steep 5-15 min and take it 6 oz frequently
Tincture: take 30-60 drops frequently.
Fluid extract: take 1 tsp. frequently
Powder: take 10 #0 capsules (60 grains) frequently.


Purposes:
Internally, eyebright is the best single herb for the eyes. Take the tea liberally and on a daily basis, to treat all eye problems. It cure in stimulating the liver to clear the blood and relieve those conditions that affects the clarity of vision. It relieves discomfort from eyestrain or minor eye irritation. It is excellent for itchy and or watery eyes, It has a cooling and detoxifying property that makes it especially useful in combating inflammation. It is also useful with inflammation of the nose and throat.


Eyebright is also use for allergies, diabetes,cataracts, hay fever, impure blood, indigestion nose and throat congestion and upper respiratory problems.


Externally, eyebright is used as an eyewash, especially combined with goldenseal, rue, or fennel for conjuctivitis, eye weakness, ophthalmia, burning and sore eyes, and other eye diseases. The infusion is made using 1 oz. herb to a pint of boiled water, steeped 20 minutes. A beverage tea can be made, using 1/2 oz. herb steeped in a pint of water.


Plants description:

Flower c 4-8 mm across.  Plants small, usually well under 20 cm high.

ID: Upper lip of flower with two upward-curving well-notched lobes.  Lower lip divided into three well-notched lobes.  Flower whitish or mauvish with yellow or orange blotch in centre of lower lip, and purple lines.

Other features: Flowers in leafy spikes.  Leaves roughly oval in shape, deeply toothed.  An annual, semi-parasitic plant, very variable but easily recognised.

ELECAMPANE
(Inula heminum)


The plant's specific name, helenium, derives from Helen of Troy; elecampane is said to have sprung up from where her tears fell. It was sacred to the ancient Celts, and once had the name "elfwort".
-also called wild sunflower scabwort, and horseheal, is a perennial garden flower traditionally used to kill intestinal parasites and treat bronchial congestion. Traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic medicine recommends elecampane for treatment of bronchitis and asthma. Elecampane is also said to improve digestion, and has been used for many years to heal skin infections in horses and sheep. 


 





Part used: root
Properties: cholagogue, diuretic, expectorate, stomachic, asteingent, stimulant.
What it affects: lungs, stomach and spleen.


Preparation and amount:
Infusion: steep 15-30 min and take 1-2 cups daily in a hot or cold preparation.
Decoction: simmer 15-30 min and take 1 tbsp as needed or 1-2 cups every day
Tincture: take 30-60 drops (1/2-1 tsp) 1-2x every day.
Fluid extract: take 1/2-1 tsp, 1-2x a day.
Power: take 3-10 #0 capsule(20-60 grains) 1-2 x a day.


Purposes:
Internally, elecamoane tea is frequently used to quiet coughing, to stimulate digestion, and to tone the stomach. It is useful for all respiratory problems, including bronchitis, urinary and respiratory tract inflammation. For chronic lung ailments, combined with wild cherry bark, white pine bark, comfrey root, and licorice. The oil is the best for treating respiratory and intestinal catarrh, chronic diarrhea, chronic bronchitis, and whooping cough.


Elecampane promotes expectoration and is good for whooping cough, weak digestion, and poor assimilation. the decoction taken in 1 tbsp. dosages will counteract stomach poisons and increase digestive power. The Chinese use it to counteract ingested poisons..A decoction is made using 1 oz. of the root, simmered in a pint of water for 1 hour, then taken in doses of 2 tsp. as needed. The powered root is taken in doses of 2 tsp as needed. The powered root is taken in capsule (1 capsule) or 1/2 coction or tincture also dose, 3 x every day. The decoction or tincture also expels worms. When combined with echinacea, it is good for tuberculosis.


Externally, elecampane can be used as a wash or fomentation for skin problems, such as scabies, itches, and skin diseases.

Plant DescriptionIt is a striking and  looks handsome plant. The erect stem grows from 4 - 5 ft' high, it is very stout and deeply furrowed, and near the top, branched. The whole plant is downy. It produces a radical rosette of enormous, ovate, pointed leaves, from 1- 1 1/2 ft' long and 4 inches broad in the middle velvety beneath, with toothed margins an borne on long foot-stalks; in general appearance the leaves are not unlike those of Mullein. Those on the stem become shorter andrelatively broader and are stem-clasping. The plant is in bloom from June to August. The flowers are bright yellow, in very large, terminal heads, 3- 4 inches in diameter, on long stalks, resembling a double sunflower. The broad bracts of the leafy involucre under the head are velvety. After the flowers have fallen, these involucral scales spread horizontally, and the removal of the fruit shows the beautifully regular arrangement of the little pits on the receptacle, which form a pattern like the engine-turning of a watch. The fruit is quadrangular and crowned by a ring of pale-reddish hairs - the pappus. The plant springs from a perennial rootstock, which is large and succulent, spindleshaped and branching, brown and aromatic, with large, fleshy roots.